93 research outputs found
Psychological Abuse, Mental Health, and Acceptance of Dating Violence Among Adolescents
Purpose Existing literature indicates that acceptance of dating violence is a significant and robust risk factor for psychological dating abuse perpetration. Past work also indicates a significant relationship between psychological dating abuse perpetration and poor mental health. However, no known research has examined the relationship between acceptance of dating violence, perpetration of dating abuse, and mental health. In addition to exploring this complex relationship, the present study examines whether psychological abuse perpetration mediates the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and mental health (i.e., internalizing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility). Methods Three waves of longitudinal data were obtained from 1,042 ethnically diverse high school students in Texas. Participants completed assessments of psychological dating abuse perpetration, acceptance of dating violence, and internalizing symptoms (hostility and symptoms of anxiety and depression). Results As predicted, results indicated that perpetration of psychological abuse was significantly associated with acceptance of dating violence and all internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, psychological abuse mediated the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Findings from the present study suggest that acceptance of dating violence is an important target for the prevention of dating violence and related emotional distress
Attributing scientific and technical progress: the case of holography
Holography, the three-dimensional imaging technology, was portrayed widely as a paradigm
of progress during its decade of explosive expansion 1964–73, and during its subsequent
consolidation for commercial and artistic uses up to the mid 1980s. An unusually
seductive and prolific subject, holography successively spawned scientific insights, putative
applications and new constituencies of practitioners and consumers. Waves of forecasts,
associated with different sponsors and user communities, cast holography as a field on the
verge of success—but with the dimensions of success repeatedly refashioned. This retargeting
of the subject represented a degree of cynical marketeering, but was underpinned by
implicit confidence in philosophical positivism and faith in technological progressivism.
Each of its communities defined success in terms of expansion, and anticipated continual
progressive increase. This paper discusses the contrasting definitions of progress in holography,
and how they were fashioned in changing contexts. Focusing equally on reputed ‘failures’ of some aspects of the subject, it explores the varied attributes by which success and failure were linked with progress by different technical communities. This important case illuminates the peculiar post-World War II environment that melded the military, commercial and popular engagement with scientific and technological subjects, and the
competing criteria by which they assessed the products of science
Development of Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Gas/ Chemical Sensors
The development of highly-sensitive and miniaturized sensors that capable of
real-time analytes detection is highly desirable. Nowadays, toxic or colorless
gas detection, air pollution monitoring, harmful chemical, pressure, strain,
humidity, and temperature sensors based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) are
increasing rapidly due to its compact structure, fast response and efficient
light controlling capabilities. The propagating light through the PCF can be
controlled by varying the structural parameters and core-cladding materials, as
a result, evanescent field can be enhanced significantly which is the main
component of the PCF based gas/chemical sensors. The aim of this chapter is to
(1) describe the principle operation of PCF based gas/ chemical sensors, (2)
discuss the important PCF properties for optical sensors, (3) extensively
discuss the different types of microstructured optical fiber based gas/
chemical sensors, (4) study the effects of different core-cladding shapes, and
fiber background materials on sensing performance, and (5) highlight the main
challenges of PCF based gas/ chemical sensors and possible solutions
Immunity to HIV-1 Is Influenced by Continued Natural Exposure to Exogenous Virus
Unprotected sexual intercourse between individuals who are both infected with HIV-1 can lead to exposure to their partner's virus, and potentially to super-infection. However, the immunological consequences of continued exposure to HIV-1 by individuals already infected, has to our knowledge never been reported. We measured T cell responses in 49 HIV-1 infected individuals who were on antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral loads. All the individuals were in a long-term sexual partnership with another HIV-1 infected individual, who was either also on HAART and suppressing their viral loads, or viremic (>9000 copies/ml). T cell responses to HIV-1 epitopes were measured directly ex-vivo by the IFN-γ enzyme linked immuno-spot assay and by cytokine flow cytometry. Sexual exposure data was generated from questionnaires given to both individuals within each partnership. Individuals who continued to have regular sexual contact with a HIV-1 infected viremic partner had significantly higher frequencies of HIV-1-specific T cell responses, compared to individuals with aviremic partners. Strikingly, the magnitude of the HIV-1-specific T cell response correlated strongly with the level and route of exposure. Responses consisted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Longitudinally, decreases in exposure were mirrored by a lower T cell response. However, no evidence for systemic super-infection was found in any of the individuals. Continued sexual exposure to exogenous HIV-1 was associated with increased HIV-1-specific T cell responses, in the absence of systemic super-infection, and correlated with the level and type of exposure
Impact of geography on prognostic outcomes of 21,509 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer enrolled in clinical trials: an ARCAD database analysis
Impact of geography on prognostic outcomes of 21,509 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer enrolled in clinical trials: an ARCAD database analysis
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Jun Yin*, Shaheenah Dawood*, Romain Cohen, Jeff Meyers, John Zalcberg, Takayuki Yoshino, Matthew Seymour, Tim Maughan, Leonard Saltz, Eric Van Cutsem, Alan Venook, Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Richard Goldberg, Paulo Hoff, J. Randolph Hecht, Herbert Hurwitz, Cornelis Punt, Eduard Diaz Rubio, Miriam Koopman, Chiara Cremolini, Volker Heinemann, Christophe Tournigard, Carsten Bokemeyer, Charles Fuchs, Niall Tebbutt, John Souglakos, Jean-Yves Doulliard, Fairooz Kabbinavar, Benoist Chibaudel, Aimery de Gramont, Qian Shi, Axel Grothey, Richard AdamsFirst Published June 30, 2021 Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1177/17588359211020547
Article information
Article has an altmetric score of 7 Open AccessCreative Commons Attribution, Non Commercial 4.0 License
Article Information
Volume: 13
Article first published online: June 30, 2021; Issue published: January 1, 2021
Received: December 29, 2020; Accepted: May 05, 2021
Jun Yin*
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Shaheenah Dawood*
Mediclinic City Hospital: North Wing, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai UAE
Romain Cohen
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Jeff Meyers
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
John Zalcberg
School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Takayuki Yoshino
Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
Matthew Seymour
NIHR Clinical Research Network, Leeds, UK
Tim Maughan
CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
Leonard Saltz
Memory Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Eric Van Cutsem
Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Alan Venook
Department of Medicine, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Hans-Joachim Schmoll
Klinik fur Innere Med IV, University Clinic Halle, Saale, Germany
Richard Goldberg
Department of Oncology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Paulo Hoff
Centro de Oncologia de Brasilia do Sirio Libanes: Unidade Lago Sul, Siro Libanes, Brazil
J. Randolph Hecht
Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, UCLS Medical Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
Herbert Hurwitz
Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Cornelis Punt
Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Eduard Diaz Rubio
Department Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Miriam Koopman
Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Chiara Cremolini
Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Volker Heinemann
Department of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Christophe Tournigard
Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
Carsten Bokemeyer
Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
Charles Fuchs
Director of Yale Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
Niall Tebbutt
Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
John Souglakos
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Jean-Yves Doulliard
University of Nantes Medical School, Nantes, France
Fairooz Kabbinavar
UCLA Medical Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
Benoist Chibaudel
Department of Medical Oncology, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret, France
Aimery de Gramont
Department of Medical Oncology, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret, France
Qian Shi
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Axel Grothey
West Cancer Center, Germantown, TN, USA
Richard Adams
Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Center, Cardiff, UK
Corresponding Author:
[email protected]
*Co-first authors.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Abstract
Background:
Benchmarking international cancer survival differences is necessary to evaluate and improve healthcare systems. Our aim was to assess the potential regional differences in outcomes among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) participating in international randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
Design:
Countries were grouped into 11 regions according to the World Health Organization and the EUROCARE model. Meta-analyses based on individual patient data were used to synthesize data across studies and regions and to conduct comparisons for outcomes in a two-stage random-effects model after adjusting for age, sex, performance status, and time period. We used mCRC patients enrolled in the first-line RCTs from the ARCAD database, which provided enrolling country information. There were 21,509 patients in 27 RCTs included across the 11 regions.
Results:
Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Compared with other regions, patients from the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland were proportionaly over-represented, older, with higher performance status, more frequently male, and more commonly not treated with biological therapies. Cohorts from central Europe and the United States (USA) had significantly longer OS compared with those from UK and Ireland (p = 0.0034 and p < 0.001, respectively), with median difference of 3–4 months. The survival deficits in the UK and Ireland cohorts were, at most, 15% at 1 year. No evidence of a regional disparity was observed for PFS. Among those treated without biological therapies, patients from the UK and Ireland had shorter OS than central Europe patients (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Significant international disparities in the OS of cohorts of mCRC patients enrolled in RCTs were found. Survival of mCRC patients included in RCTs was consistently lower in the UK and Ireland regions than in central Europe, southern Europe, and the USA, potentially attributed to greater overall population representation, delayed diagnosis, and reduced availability of therapies
The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning
This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb
Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period.
We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments,
and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch
expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of
achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the
board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases,
JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite
have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range
that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through
observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures;
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least .
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
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